Letlapa la tšepe

Ke tšepe e sephara e entsoeng ka tšepe e qhibilihisitsoeng ebe e hatelloa ka mor'a ho pholile.
E bataletse, e khutlonnetsepa 'me e ka phuthoa kapa ea khaoloa ho tloha marapeng a tšepe a pharaletseng.
Letlapa la tšepe le arotsoe ho ea ka botenya, poleiti ea tšepe e tšesaane e ka tlase ho 4 mm (e tšesaane ka ho fetisisa ke 0.2 mm), poleiti ea tšepe e bohareng ke 4-60 mm, 'me poleiti ea tšepe e eketsehileng ke 60-115. mm.
Lipampiri tsa tšepe li arotsoe ka ho chesa-ho chesa le ho batang ho ea ka ho roala.
Bophara ba poleiti e tšesaane ke 500 ~ 1500 mm; bophara ba lakane e teteaneng ke 600 ~ 3000 mm. Lipampiri li arotsoe ka mofuta oa tšepe, ho kenyelletsa le tšepe e tloaelehileng, tšepe ea boleng bo holimo, tšepe ea alloy, tšepe ea selemo, tšepe e sa hloekang, tšepe ea lisebelisoa, tšepe e sa keneleng mocheso, tšepe ea silicon le letlapa le hloekileng la indasteri, joalo-joalo; Letlapa la enamel, poleiti e thibelang likulo, joalo-joalo Ho ea ka ho roala holim'a metsi, ho na le lakane e entsoeng ka galvanized, tin-plated sheet, lead-plated sheet, polasetiki e entsoeng ka tšepe e kopantsoeng, joalo-joalo.
Tšepe ea sebopeho sa alloy e tlase
(hape e tsejoa e le tšepe e tloaelehileng ea alloy, HSLA)
1. Sepheo
E sebelisoa haholo ha ho etsoa marokho, likepe, likoloi, li-boilers, likepe tse nang le khatello e phahameng, liphaephe tsa oli le khase, meaho e meholo ea tšepe, jj.
2. Litlhoko tsa ts'ebetso
(1) Matla a phahameng: ka kakaretso matla a eona a tlhahiso a ka holimo ho 300MPa.
(2) Matla a phahameng: bolelele bo hlokeha ho ba 15% ho 20%, 'me tšusumetso e matla mocheso oa kamore e kholo ho feta 600kJ / m ho 800kJ / m. Bakeng sa likarolo tse kholo tse cheselitsoeng, ho boetse ho hlokahala hore ho be le thata e phahameng ea fracture.
(3) Ts'ebetso e ntle ea welding le ts'ebetso e batang ea ho theha.
(4) Mocheso o fokolang oa phetoho o batang-brittle.
(5) Khanyetso e ntle ea kutu.
3. Litšobotsi tsa motsoako
(1) Khabone e tlase: Ka lebaka la litlhoko tse phahameng tsa ho tiea, ho cheseha le ho ba le serame, khabone ha e fete 0.20%.
(2) Eketsa likarolo tsa alloying tse thehiloeng ho manganese.
(3) Ho eketsa lintho tse thusang tse kang niobium, titanium kapa vanadium: palo e nyenyane ea niobium, titanium kapa vanadium e etsa li-carbides tse ntle kapa carbonitrides ka tšepe, e leng molemo ho fumana lijo-thollo tse ntle tsa ferrite le ho ntlafatsa matla le ho tiea ha tšepe.
Ho phaella moo, ho eketsa koporo e nyenyane (≤0.4%) le phosphorus (hoo e ka bang 0.1%) ho ka ntlafatsa ho hanyetsa ha kutu. Ho eketsa palo e nyane ea lintho tse sa tloaelehang tsa lefats'e ho ka senya le ho senya, ho hloekisa tšepe, le ho ntlafatsa ho tiea le ho sebetsa.
4. Ka tloaelo sebelisoa tlaase alloy sebopeho tšepe
16Mn ke mofuta o sebelisoang ka ho fetisisa le o hlahisoang ka ho fetisisa oa tšepe e tlaase ea alloy e matla haholo naheng ea heso. Sebopeho se sebelisoang ke ferrite-pearlite e ntle, 'me matla a eona a ka bang 20% ​​ho isa ho 30% ho feta a tšepe e tloaelehileng ea carbon Q235,' me khanyetso ea eona ea sepakapaka e phahame ka 20% ho isa ho 38%.
15MnVN ke tšepe e sebelisoang ka ho fetisisa litšepeng tse matla a mahareng. E na le matla a phahameng, le toughness e ntle, weldability le mocheso o tlase o thata, 'me e sebelisoa haholo ha ho etsoa mehaho e meholo e kang marokho, li-boilers le likepe.
Kamora hore boemo ba matla bo fete 500MPa, meaho ea ferrite le pearlite e thata ho fihlela litlhoko, kahoo tšepe e tlase ea carbon bainitic e ntlafatsoa. Ho eketsoa ha Cr, Mo, Mn, B le lintho tse ling ho molemo ho fumana sebopeho sa bainite tlas'a maemo a pholileng a moea, e le hore matla a phahame, ho sebetsa ka polasetiki le ho cheselletsa ho molemo, 'me e sebelisoa haholo ka li-boilers tse phahameng tsa khatello. , likepe tse nang le khatello e phahameng, joalo-joalo.
5. Litšobotsi tsa phekolo ea mocheso
Mofuta ona oa tšepe o sebelisoa ka kakaretso sebakeng se chesang se chesang le se pholileng moeeng 'me ha se hloke phekolo e khethehileng ea mocheso. Sebopeho sa microstructure se sebelisoang hangata ke ferrite + sorbite.
Alloy tšepe e entsoeng ka carburized
1. Sepheo
E sebelisoa haholo ha ho etsoa li-gear tsa phetiso likoloing le literekere, li-camshafts, li-piston pins le likarolo tse ling tsa mochini lienjineng tse tukang tse ka hare. Likarolo tse joalo li na le likhohlano tse matla le ho apara nakong ea mosebetsi, 'me ka nako e ts'oanang li jara meroalo e meholo e fapanyetsanang, haholo-holo meroalo e amang.
2. Litlhoko tsa ts'ebetso
(1) Karolo e kaholimo ea carburized e na le boima bo phahameng ho netefatsa hore ho na le ho hanyetsa ho hoholo ha mokhathala le ho hanyetsa mokhathala, hammoho le polasetiki e nepahetseng le ho tiea.
(2) Konokono e na le boima bo phahameng le matla a phahameng ka ho lekaneng. Ha boima ba motheo bo sa lekana, ho bonolo ho senya tlas'a ketso ea mojaro oa tšusumetso kapa boima bo feteletseng; ha matla a sa lekana, lera la brittle carburized le robeha habonolo le ho ebola.
(3) Ts'ebetso e ntle ea kalafo ea mocheso Tlas'a mocheso o phahameng oa carburizing (900℃～950℃), lithollo tsa austenite ha li bonolo ho hola ebile li na le boima bo botle.
3. Litšobotsi tsa motsoako
(1) Khabone e tlaase: ka kakaretso carbon content ke 0.10% ho 0.25%, e le hore motheo oa karolo o na le polasetiki e lekaneng le ho tiea.
(2) Eketsa likarolo tsa alloying ho ntlafatsa ho thatafala: Cr, Ni, Mn, B, joalo-joalo hangata li eketsoa.
(3) Eketsa likarolo tse thibelang ho hōla ha lijo-thollo tsa austenite: haholo-holo eketsa palo e nyenyane ea likarolo tse matla tsa ho etsa carbide Ti, V, W, Mo, joalo-joalo ho theha alloy carbides e tsitsitseng.
4. Kereiti ea tšepe le kereiti
20Cr low hardhardability alloy carburized steel. Mofuta ona oa tšepe o na le boima bo tlase le matla a tlase a mantlha.
20CrMnTi medium hardability alloy carburized steel. Mofuta ona oa tšepe o na le thata e phahameng, kutlo e tlase ea mocheso o tlase, lera la phetoho e batlang e lekana ea carburizing, le thepa e ntle ea mochini le thekenoloji.
18Cr2Ni4WA le 20Cr2Ni4A high hardhardability alloy carburized steel. Mofuta ona oa tšepe o na le likarolo tse ling tse kang Cr le Ni, o na le boima bo phahameng, 'me o na le boima bo botle le ho ba le tšusumetso e matla ea mocheso o tlaase.
5. Phekolo ea mocheso le thepa ea microstructure
Ts'ebetso ea kalafo ea mocheso ea tšepe ea alloy carburized hangata e tima ka kotloloho ka mor'a carburizing, ebe e futhumatsa mocheso o tlase. Ka mor'a phekolo ea mocheso, sebopeho sa bokaholimo ba carburized layer ke alloy cementite + tempered martensite + e nyane ea austenite e bolokiloeng, 'me boima ke 60HRC ~ 62HRC. Sebopeho sa mantlha se amana le ho thatafala ha tšepe le boholo ba likarolo tsa likarolo. Ha e thatafalitsoe ka ho feletseng, ke martensite e tlaase ea carbon tempered e nang le boima ba 40HRC ho isa ho 48HRC; maemong a mangata, ke troostite, tempered martensite le tšepe e nyane. 'Mele oa element, boima ke 25HRC ~ 40HRC. Ho thatafala ha pelo hangata ho feta 700KJ/m2.
Alloy quenched le tempered tšepe
1. Sepheo
Alloy quenched and tempered steel e sebelisoa haholo ha ho etsoa likarolo tse fapaneng tsa bohlokoa likoloing, literekere, lisebelisoa tsa mochini le mechini e meng, joalo ka likere, shafts, lithupa tse hokahanyang, liboutu, jj.
2. Litlhoko tsa ts'ebetso
Likarolo tse ngata tse tingoeng le tse halefileng li jara meroalo e mengata ea ho sebetsa, boemo ba khatello ea maikutlo bo batla bo rarahane, 'me ho hlokahala thepa e phahameng ea mochini, ke hore, matla a phahameng le polasetiki e ntle le ho tiea. Alloy quenched le tempered tšepe e boetse e hloka hard hardability. Leha ho le joalo, maemo a khatello ea likarolo tse fapaneng a fapane, 'me litlhoko tsa ho thatafala li fapane.
3. Litšobotsi tsa motsoako
(1) Khabone e mahareng: ka kakaretso khabone e lipakeng tsa 0.25% le 0.50%, le 0.4% ka bongata;
(2) Ho eketsa likarolo Cr, Mn, Ni, Si, joalo-joalo ho ntlafatsa ho thatafala: Ntle le ho ntlafatsa ho thatafala, likarolo tsena tsa alloy li ka boela tsa theha alloy ferrite le ho ntlafatsa matla a tšepe. Ka mohlala, ts'ebetso ea tšepe ea 40Cr ka mor'a ho tima le phekolo ea mocheso e phahame haholo ho feta ea tšepe ea 45;
(3) Eketsa likarolo ho thibela mofuta oa bobeli oa ho halefa ha bohale: motsoako o timang le o halefileng o nang le Ni, Cr, le Mn, o atisang ho ba le mofuta oa bobeli oa bohale nakong ea mocheso o phahameng oa mocheso le ho pholile butle. Ho eketsa Mo le W ho tšepe ho ka thibela mofuta oa bobeli oa ho halefa, 'me litaba tsa eona tse loketseng li ka ba 0.15% -0.30% Mo kapa 0.8% -1.2% W.
Papiso ea thepa ea tšepe ea 45 le 40Cr ka mor'a ho tima le ho futhumatsa
Boemo ba tšepe le boemo ba kalafo ea mocheso Karolo ea boholo/mm sb/MPa ss/MPa d5/% y/% ak/kJ/m2
45 tšepe 850 ℃ metsi quenching, 550 ℃ tempering f50 700 500 15 45 700
40Cr tšepe 850 ℃ ho tima oli, 570 ℃ tempering f50 (konokono) 850 670 16 58 1000
4. Kereiti ea tšepe le kereiti
(1) 40Cr ho thatafalloa ho tlase ho tima le tšepe e halefileng: Bophara ba bohlokoa ba ho tima oli ea mofuta ona oa tšepe ke 30mm ho isa ho 40mm, e sebelisetsoang ho etsa likarolo tsa bohlokoa tsa boholo bo akaretsang.
(2) 35CrMo medium hardability alloy e tima le tšepe e halefileng: bophara ba bohlokoa ba ho tima oli ea mofuta ona oa tšepe ke 40mm ho 60mm. Ho eketsoa ha molybdenum ho ke ke ha ntlafatsa feela ho thatafala, empa hape ho thibela mofuta oa bobeli oa ho halefa.
(3) 40CrNiMo high hardenability alloy e tima le tšepe e halefileng: bophara ba bohlokoa ba ho tima oli ea mofuta ona oa tšepe ke 60mm-100mm, boholo ba bona ke tšepe ea chromium-nickel. Ho kenyelletsa molybdenum e loketseng ho tšepe ea chromium-nickel ha e na feela ho thatafala ha maemo, empa hape ho felisa mofuta oa bobeli oa ho halefa.
5. Phekolo ea mocheso le thepa ea microstructure
Phekolo ea ho qetela ea mocheso oa tšepe e tingoeng le e halefileng e tima le mocheso o phahameng oa mocheso (ho tima le ho futhumatsa). Motsoako o timang le tšepe e halefileng e thatafalloa haholo, 'me oli e sebelisoa hangata. Ha boima bo le boholo ka ho khetheha, bo ka ba ba pholile moea, bo ka fokotsang liphoso tsa phekolo ea mocheso.
Thepa ea ho qetela ea alloy e tima le tšepe e halefileng e itšetlehile ka mocheso oa mocheso. Ka kakaretso, ho sebelisoa mocheso ho 500 ℃-650 ℃. Ka ho khetha mocheso oa mocheso, thepa e hlokahalang e ka fumanoa. E le ho thibela mofuta oa bobeli oa brittleness ea khalefo, ho pholisa ka potlako (ho pholisa metsi kapa ho futhumatsa oli) ka mor'a ho halefa ho molemo ho ntlafatsa ho thatafala.
The microstructure ea alloy quenched le tempered tšepe ka mor'a kalafo tloaelehileng mocheso ke tempered sorbite. Bakeng sa likarolo tse hlokang libaka tse sa khoneng ho roala (joalo ka likere le li-spindle), ho tima mocheso oa induction le mocheso o tlase oa mocheso, 'me sebopeho sa bokaholimo se entsoe ka martensite. Boima ba bokaholimo bo ka fihla ho 55HRC ~ 58HRC.
Matla a tlhahiso ea tšepe e tingoeng le e halefileng ka mor'a ho tima le ho halefa ke hoo e ka bang 800MPa, 'me matla a ts'usumetso ke 800kJ/m2, 'me boima ba mantlha bo ka fihla ho 22HRC~25HRC. Haeba boholo ba karolo ea sefapano bo le boholo 'me bo sa thatafala, ts'ebetso e fokotsehile haholo.